Applied Catalysis

• chemical intermediates
  • ethanoic acid
    • why do we need ethanoic acid
    • production of ethanoic acid
      • The Monsanto Process
      • Mechanism of the Rhodium Catalysed Reaction
      • A Commercial Monsanto Plant
      • The Cativa Process
      • Mechanism of Irridium Catalysed Reaction
      • The Promoter
      • Comparison of the Two Catalysts
      • A Commercial Cativa Plant
      • The Cativa Process in Use
  • friedel crafts reactions
    • Introduction
    • Alkylations
    • Acylations
    • Mechanism of Acylation
    • Problems and Solutions
  • propeneamide
  • uses and manufacture
  • the processing plant
    
    
• cleaning agents
  
  • detergents
    
    
• energy conversion
  • fuel cells
  • What Are Fuel Cells
  • Fuel Cell Systems
  • Advantages of Fuel Cells for Transport
  • Residential Fuel Cell Systems
  • Expected Time Scale for Development

   

• fertilisers
  • ammonia
    • Discovery and Development of Catalyst
      • Introduction
      • Promoters
      • Mechanism
      • Energy Changes
    • The Modern Ammonia Plant
    • A New Catalyst
    • Nature's Catalyst
      
      
• flavourings
  • aspartame
    • What Is Aspartame?
    • Advantages of the Enzyme Route
    • Flow Scheme of the Production Plant
  • ethanoic acid
    • why do we need ethanoic acid
    • production of ethanoic acid
      • The Monsanto Process
      • Mechanism of the Rhodium Catalysed Reaction
      • A Commercial Monsanto Plant
      • The Cativa Process
      • Mechanism of Irridium Catalysed Reaction
      • The Promoter
      • Comparison of the Two Catalysts
      • A Commercial Cativa Plant
      • The Cativa Process in Use
  • menthol
    • Asymmetric Catalysis
      • The Importance of Chirality
      • Chiral Catalysis
      • A Catalyst Which Works
      • Synthesis of Menthol
        
        
• foods
  • margarine
    • Margarine
    • Hydrogenation
  • chocolate biscuits
    • Chocolate Biscuits
    • What is in chocolate?
    • Hydrogenation
      
      
• fuels
  • getting enough petrol
    • Getting Enough Petrol
    • Fluid Catalytic Cracking
    • The Catalyst
    • Mechanism of Catalysis
      
      

• painkillers
  • ibuprofen
    
    
• pollution control
  • catalytic converters
    • The Introduction of Catalytic Converters
    • How Much Difference Do They Make?
    • Development of Supports
    • Other Improvements
      
      
• polymers
  • polyethene
    • A Polymer By Chance
    • Discovery and Development of Ziegler Catalyst
    • A New Kind of Poly(ethene)
    • Varying the Properties
    • Ziegler Catalysts
    • How Ziegler Catalysts Work
    • The Kaminsky Catalyst
    • Mechanism of Metallocene Catalysis
    • Chain Termination
    • What is Different About the New Metallocene Polythene
      
      
• biocatalysis
  • a brief history of biocatalysis
  • putting the knowledge to good use
  • some present day applications

Principles of Catalysis

• effect on rate
• effect on activation energies
• mechanisms
• heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis
• catalysis by enzymes
• the role of promoters
• poisoning
• supports
• the catalysts themselves
• surface catalysis
• the future